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Facial defects are formed as a result of gunshot wounds, mechanical damage and after removal of tumors. Specific chronic diseases (syphilis, lupus erythematosus) lead to the appearance of defects in the nose and lips.

Facial defects make a person disabled, causing dysfunction of the dentoalveolar system and contribute to the emergence of neuroses. Disfigurement of the face leads to the exclusion of a person from society, makes him withdrawn, deepened in his experiences. Disability is associated with the loss of the skin of the face and the exposure of tissues that are unable to tolerate contact with the external environment. Defects in the soft tissues surrounding the oral fissure cause food to fall out during desire and constant salivation.

Facial defects are replaced by plastic surgery and prosthetics. Prosthetics replace extensive facial defects and complex-shaped parts of the face (auricle, nose). If the patient refuses the operation, facial defects that are small in size are also prosthetized. Prosthetics is aimed at restoring the appearance and speech of the patient, protecting tissues from environmental influences, eliminating salivation and food loss, and preventing mental disorders. Thus, the prosthetics of facial defects completes the complex of measures for the rehabilitation of patients with facial injuries.

Facial prostheses are made of soft or hard plastic. In some cases, a combination of plastics is used. To obtain an aesthetic effect, it is necessary to match the color of the prosthesis to the color of the skin of the face. Soft plastics (orthoplast) are painted with special dyes. The color of the prosthesis is selected according to the color. A rigid plastic facial prosthesis is stained in two ways. The best result is the staining of the prosthesis with butcher paints. The second method consists in adding dyes to the polymer (ultramarine, lead crown, cadmium red, etc.). The dyes are mixed with the powder in equal proportions and the monomer is added. Empirically get the desired color of the prosthesis. Ectoprostheses are strengthened with the help of a spectacle frame, special fixators inserted into natural and artificial holes, by gluing to the skin of the face or connected to jaw prostheses. The most reliable way to fix the prosthesis is to use a spectacle frame. For these purposes, it is best to use glasses with metal temples.